RESUMO
Background: Changes in the properties of large arteries correlate with higher cardiovascular risk. Recent guidelines have included the assessment of those properties to detect subclinical disease. Establishing reference values for the assessment methods as well as determinants of the arterial parameters and their correlations in healthy individuals is important to stratify patients. Objective: To assess, in healthy adults, the distribution of the values of pulse wave velocity, diameter, intima-media thickness and relative distensibility of the carotid artery, in addition to assessing the demographic and clinical determinants of those parameters and their correlations. Methods: This study evaluated 210 individuals (54% women; mean age, 44 ± 13 years) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured with a Complior® device. The functional and structural properties of the carotid artery were assessed by using radiofrequency ultrasound. Results: The means of the following parameters were: pulse wave velocity, 8.7 ± 1.5 m/s; diameter, 6,707.9 ± 861.6 μm; intima-media thickness, 601 ± 131 μm; relative distensibility, 5.3 ± 2.1%. No significant difference related to sex or ethnicity was observed. On multiple linear logistic regression, the factors independently related to the vascular parameters were: pulse wave velocity, to age (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p = 0.02); intima-media thickness, to age (p < 0.01); diameter, to creatinine (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.02); relative distensibility, to age (p < 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Pulse wave velocity showed a positive correlation with intima media thickness (p < 0.01) and with relative distensibility (p < 0.01), while diameter showed a positive correlation with distensibility (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In healthy individuals, ...
Fundamento: Alterações das propriedades de grandes artérias são correlacionadas a maior risco cardiovascular. Recentes diretrizes incluem a avaliação dessas propriedades para detecção de doença subclínica. O estabelecimento de valores de referência dos métodos para essa avaliação e de determinantes dos parâmetros arteriais e suas correlações em indivíduos saudáveis é importante para a estratificação dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar, em adultos saudáveis, a distribuição dos valores de velocidade de onda de pulso e de diâmetro, espessura íntima-média e distensão relativa da artéria carótida, além de avaliar os determinantes demográficos e clínicos desses parâmetros e suas correlações. Métodos: Foram avaliados 210 indivíduos (54% mulheres; idade média, 44 ± 13 anos) sem evidência de doença cardiovascular. A velocidade de onda de pulso carótida-femoral foi medida com o aparelho Complior®. Propriedades funcionais e estruturais da carótida foram avaliadas por ultrassom de radiofrequência. Resultados: As seguintes médias foram obtidas: velocidade de onda de pulso, 8,7 ± 1,5 m/s; diâmetro, 6.707,9 ± 861,6 µm; espessura íntima-média, 601 ± 131 µm; distensão relativa, 5,3 ± 2,1%. Não houve diferenças significativas conforme sexo ou raça. Na análise de regressão logística linear múltipla, os fatores independentemente relacionados aos parâmetros vasculares foram: velocidade de onda de pulso, com idade (p < 0,01) e triglicérides (p = 0,02); espessura íntima-média, com idade (p < 0,01); diâmetro, com creatinina (p = 0,03) e idade (p = 0,02); distensão relativa, com idade (p < 0,01) e ...
RESUMO
Background: Changes in the properties of large arteries correlate with higher cardiovascular risk. Recent guidelines have included the assessment of those properties to detect subclinical disease. Establishing reference values for the assessment methods as well as determinants of the arterial parameters and their correlations in healthy individuals is important to stratify patients. Objective: To assess, in healthy adults, the distribution of the values of pulse wave velocity, diameter, intima-media thickness and relative distensibility of the carotid artery, in addition to assessing the demographic and clinical determinants of those parameters and their correlations. Methods: This study evaluated 210 individuals (54% women; mean age, 44 ± 13 years) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured with a Complior® device. The functional and structural properties of the carotid artery were assessed by using radiofrequency ultrasound. Results: The means of the following parameters were: pulse wave velocity, 8.7 ± 1.5 m/s; diameter, 6,707.9 ± 861.6 µm; intima-media thickness, 601 ± 131 µm; relative distensibility, 5.3 ± 2.1%. No significant difference related to sex or ethnicity was observed. On multiple linear logistic regression, the factors independently related to the vascular parameters were: pulse wave velocity, to age (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p = 0.02); intima-media thickness, to age (p < 0.01); diameter, to creatinine (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.02); relative distensibility, to age (p < 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Pulse wave velocity showed a positive correlation with intima media thickness (p < 0.01) and with relative distensibility (p < 0.01), while diameter showed a positive correlation with distensibility (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In healthy individuals, age was the major factor related to aortic stiffness, while age and diastolic blood pressure related to the carotid functional measure. The carotid artery structure was directly related to aortic stiffness, which was inversely related to the carotid artery functional property.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The assessment of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Takayasu arteritis (TA) is complex because of many confounding factors. We evaluated PWV in female patients with TA and controls with comparable anthropometric and clinical variables and assessed a possible association of TA with disease variables. METHODS: We evaluated 27 patients with TA consecutively. Exclusion criteria were menopause, smoking, diabetes, renal insufficiency, poorly controlled hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, obesity, inflammatory comorbidities, pregnancy, and surgical procedures involving the aorta. Disease activity was determined by clinical and laboratory variables. As healthy controls, 27 subjects with comparable age, blood pressure, height, and weight were selected. Carotid-femoral PWV measurements were obtained using the Complior system. RESULTS: The mean PWV in patients with TA was higher than in healthy controls (9.77 ± 3.49 vs 7.83 ± 1.06 m/s; p = 0.009). Despite our strict selection criteria, patients with TA had an average systolic blood pressure (SBP) 8 mmHg higher than controls (p = NS), and significantly higher pulse pressure values. The multivariate linear regression model shows that 93.8% of the PWV variability is explained by the variables age, mean BP, and the disease itself (adjusted R(2) = 0.938). Stepwise logistic analysis using the PWV cutoff value established by the receiver-operator characteristic curve (> 8.34 m/s) as dependent variable, and measures with significance in univariate analysis as independent variables revealed that TA (OR 4.69; 95% CI 1.31-16.72; p = 0.017) and mean BP (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.12; p = 0.048) were independently associated with higher PWV. Further analysis of disease variables revealed that PWV values were not correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, cumulative dose of glucocorticoid, or ejection fraction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In our cohort of female patients with TA, the disease itself and mean BP were the strongest determinants associated with arterial stiffness.
